Man, Science and Technology

Strategy to Reduce the Negative Impacts of Forest Fires on the Forest Heritage of the Yambeque Silvicultural Unit, Cuba

Alcibíades Garbey-Reyes — 2025-09-09

Forest fires pose a significant threat to ecosystems and the economy in Cuba. This study implemented a comprehensive strategy to reduce the occurrence and spread of fires in the Yambeque Silvicultural Unit, El Salvador municipality, Guantanamo province, during the period 2015-2020. The strategy included prevention measures, community education, strengthening of protection services, and loss assessment. Results showed a 48.43% reduction in affected hectares and a 50% decrease in fire density. Human negligence, the main cause of fires, was mitigated through awareness campaigns. The strategy proved effective and replicable in other regions with similar challenges.

Integration of quality and food safety management and environmental protection

Alejandro Garzón - Lago — 2025-09-09

This research presents an improvement plan in order to diagnose the environmental impact in the quality and food safety management systems. By means of interviews, direct observations and documentary analysis, it was evidenced the lack of integrating environmental actions in many organizations within their strategic objectives.

It is proposed a plan that integrates quality and food safety management with environmental protection principles, including actions to minimize wastes, prevent the spilling of sewage waters and limit the usage of polluting chemical substances. When implementing these strategies, the organizations may improve their environmental performance, as well as warrantee food safety, thus contributing to a sustainable development.

Effects of Mycorrhiza and FitoMas-E on the quality of Talipariti elatum (Majagua) plants from the nursery stage to planting

María Virgen Tejeda - Baute — 2025-09-09

This study evaluated the effects of mycorrhiza (Glomus cubense) and the biostimulant FitoMas-E on the quality of Talipariti elatum (Majagua) plants in the nursery and at the plantation. An experimental design was used with four treatments: control (T1), FitoMas-E (T2), mycorrhiza (T3), and mycorrhiza + FitoMas-E (T4). Morphological attributes (height, diameter, biomass, root system) and quality indices (slenderness, shoot/root ratio, Dickson index) were measured. The results showed that T4 obtained the best values in height (64.85 cm in the nursery, 2.27 m in the plantation), diameter (6.75 mm in the nursery, 1.70 cm in the plantation), and survival (99%). The mycorrhiza + FitoMas-E combination improved nutrient uptake, reduced costs by 2,568.09 pesos compared to the control, and optimized adaptation to water stress. It is concluded that the integration of both products is a sustainable strategy for forest production.

Establishment of a sustainable silvopastoril system in a degraded mountain ecosystem in the municipality of El Salvador, Guantánamo

Yamilé Veranes - Correa — 2025-09-09

The study was conducted at the Longino Riviaux CCS, part of the El Salvador Agroforestry Company, Guantánamo, from January 2015 to June 2018. The soil was sialitic (brown, with carbonate, moderately leached). A sustainable silvopastoral system was established in a deforested mountain ecosystem covering 3.00 ha with the aim of reducing soil degradation and increasing animal feed production. Gliricidia sepium, which have a good protein content, for rotational browsing at a height suitable for goats. Mulched with Panicum maximum so that the herd rotates daily along a lane between two browse hedges. Treatment 10 Gliricidia sepium species with a 1x1 m planting frame performed best, with a diameter of 4.29 cm, a height of 0.96 cm, and a soil loss of 1.35 ts/ha. The total cost to implement the silvopastoral system was $3,355.00.

Characterization of woody flora in silvopastoril ecosystems in the José Castro García CCS in the community of Tiguabos, El Salvador Guantánamo municipality

Vicente Aldana - Velázquez — 2025-09-09

This work aimed to determine the current state of the woody flora present in the silvopastoral ecosystem of the CCS José Castro García in the community of Tiguabos, municipality of El Salvador Guantánamo. 20 plots of 20 x 25m2 were established in different areas, distributed randomly, a floristic study was carried out, determining the absolute abundance, absolute dominance and absolute frequency of the species present. As results, a total of 9 woody species belonging to 4 families, 6 genera and 3 botanical order were identified, the most representative being the families Leguminosaceae, and the Meliaceae, the species with the greatest abundance Albizia Saman, the greatest dominance were Miconia sp, Aegiphilasp and Weinmannia mariquitae.

Gender perspective on ecosystem-based adaptation for climate resilience in Jaguaní, Guantanamo

Taimy Negrín - Rodriguez — 2025-09-09

The Jaguaní watershed in Guantánamo faces high climate vulnerability, prompting the implementation of the "Green Watersheds" project, a project focused on Ecosystem-Based Adaptation (EbA). The integration of a gender perspective into environmental management in this context is studied. Using a mixed-methodological approach, surveys and interviews were used to assess the differential dependence of men and women on ecosystems and their climate change adaptation strategies. The results reveal that, while both genders possess valuable knowledge about natural resources, women face significant barriers in decision-making and access to resources. It is concluded that the inclusion of a gender perspective in EbA is crucial to address climate vulnerability in Jaguaní, highlighting the need for training and support to ensure the active participation of both genders in environmental management and scientific innovation for equitable and sustainable development.

Productive response of the bean crop (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) variety Habana-2000 to the use of FitoMas-E®

Aniuska Alonso - Belón — 2025-09-09

This research was conducted to evaluate different doses of FitoMas-E® in bean crops (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Four treatments were replicated five times. The variables evaluated were plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of pods per plant, 100-bean weight, and yield (t.ha-1). Results were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) based on the experimental design used. In cases where significant differences were found, means were compared using Duncan's multiple range test for a 95% probability of error, using the STATGRAPHICS version 5.0 statistical package. Positive responses were found in treatments in which FitoMas-E® was applied. The treatment applying 3 L/ha of FitoMas-E® yielded 0.89 t/ha, generating profits of $32,239.87.

Evaluation of different frequencies of Mudra L® in corn cultivation (Zea maize L.) under dryland conditions

Álvaro Campos - Llorente — 2025-09-09

With the objective of evaluating different frequencies of Mudra L® in the cultivation of corn (Zea mays L.), Canilla variety under dryland conditions.

Four treatments were used, replicated five times, considering variety and application as factors. The variables evaluated were stem diameter, number of leaves, plant height, length, weight, and yield (t ha-1) of the cobs. The results were subjected to Analysis of Variance according to the experimental design used. In cases where significant differences were found between treatments, the means were compared using Duncan's multiple range test for a 5% probability of error, in the statistical package STATGRAPHICS Version 5.0. Treatments stimulated with Mudra L® responded positively and with the highest profits, where the application of three frequencies of 300 ml ha-1 of Mudra L® generated $63,860.0, surpassing the rest of the treatments.

Agronomic response of the cucumber crop (Cucumis sativus L.) to the application of efficient microorganisms in the Loma Blanca agricultural module

Alexei Lara-Millares — 2025-09-09

To evaluate the application of different doses of Efficient Microorganisms (EM) on the cucumber crops (Cucumis sativus L.), the following study was conducted at the "Loma Blanca" Agricultural Module belonging to the agroindustrial company of the Guantánamo municipality, Guantánamo province. The INIVIT P-2007 variety was used due to its high production potential. Soil preparation was carried out according to technical standards for cultivation, as well as cultural care. The planting frame used was 0.90 m x 0.30 m. The variables evaluated were vine length, stem thickness, number of leaves, number of fruits per plant (U), average fruit weight (g/fruit), and yield (kg/m²). The results showed that the plants treated with EM were highly effective in the variables, with T4—application of 1.5 L/ha^-1—proving to be the most feasible for the conditions evaluated.

Productive response of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L) crops to the use of Mudra L®

Lilianne V illafañez - Paz — 2025-09-09

The study was carried out at the Center for Agricultural Technology Studies at the University of Guantánamo during the 2023-2024 cold season. The objective was to evaluate different doses of MUDRA L® in the cultivation of the Amalia tomato variety. Four treatments were used, n a randomized block design. Plant height, stem diameter, number of fruits per plant (U), polar and equatorial diameter (mm), fruit weight per plant, and yield (kg/m2 and t/ha-1) were evaluated. Based on the data obtained, an analysis of variance was performed for the mathematical model corresponding to the design, and means were compared using the Duncan test. The most appropriate dose was determined to be 300 ml/ha-1 of MUDRA L®, which yields 40.26 t/ha-1 and generates profits of 468,148.70.

Quality index in seedlings of the Theobroma cacao L for foment forestry

Ismel Humberto Padilla Mejías — 2025-09-09

With the objective of evaluating the response of cacao seedlings to the application of CTA-Humus® and Glomus cubense in the edaphoclimatic and technological conditions of the technical nursery of the Agroforestry and coconut gerency in the municipality of Baracoa. A test was developed cacao seeds were used, and at the time of sowing they were sprayed with the CTA-Humus® soil conditioner a mycorrhizal. Four treatments were used that were replicated five times in a completely randomized design. Were evaluated variables morfo-fisiology and the slenderness index. It was obtained that the application combinated of CTA-Humus® and Glomus cubense was decisive in the growth and vigor of the cacao positions. The study also determined that the application of CTA-Humus® is more effective in obtaining high quality postures represented in the best values for the physiological variables evaluated and the slenderness index, the ratio (stem/root) and the quality index of Dickson.

Guaso Fabricates plan of acting to achieve a most clean production in the UEB of preserve

Yordanis Maturell Montoya — 2025-09-09

The present work came true in the UEB make out Guaso in order to conceive a plan of acting to achieve a most clean production at the aforementioned entity of preserve. They drove dissimilar methods, tools and procedures that made possible the attainment of the objective of the investigation with that end. As a result, identified him a series of deficiencies that they affect the consummation of a most clean production such I eat: Heights volumes of waste in the process of selection of the tomato, existence of a lagoon as a consequence of tall accumulation of residual waters, existence of microcomputers drains in the entity's peripherals. The above mentioned favored the elaboration of a plan of acting contentive of 13 actions for the sake of achieving a most clean production in the process of concentrate of tomatoes.

Research, conservation, and education for the recovery of the mangrove forest in the Baitiquirí Ecological Reserve, Guantánamo

Yadis Ramón Hope — 2025-09-09

The mangrove forest of the Baitiquirí Ecological Reserve in Guantánamo faces natural and anthropic hazards that represent insecurity for this ecosystem. The objective was to analyze the synergy and integration of scientific research, conservation and environmental education as pillars for the recovery and sustainability of the mangrove forest. A systematic review of diverse sources of information, comparative analysis of management strategies, analysis synthesis and induction-deduction were used. The results show that the articulation between cientific knowledge, education and community participation has made it possible to identify problems, prioritize restoration actions and strengthen social appropriation. It is concluded that the contextualized application of international principles, together with adaptive monitoring and participatory governance, has improved mangrove sustainability, constituting a replicable model for other coastal areas. The work provides an integrative vision and demonstrates the importance of multisectoral collaboration in environmental management.

Agroindustry behavior and determination of the maturation curve of sugarcane cultivars. Their economic impact

Felipe Díaz Rodríguez — 2025-09-09

Sugarcane is key to the agroindustry due to its adaptability and productivity. This study evaluates the agroindustrial behavior of cultivars and their ripening curves to optimize production and profitability. Genotype-environment interaction determines yield variability, influenced by factors such as soil heterogeneity, relief, and rainfall. Cultivars with high yields at early stages. The objective was to establish strategies to maximize economic benefits through efficient harvest planning, considering the interaction between genotypes, environment, and agronomic management. The results highlight the need to select cultivars adapted to local conditions and adjust harvest schedules to balance yield and industrial quality. This approach will reduce economic losses and improve the competitiveness of the sugar sector in a context of climate change and changing industrial demands. The study provides technical foundations for decision-making in the Cuban sugarcane agroindustry.

Proposal of Ecosystem-Based Adaptation Measures for Thalassia testudinum in the Playa Santa Lucía Tourist Destination

Happy Salas Fuente — 2025-09-09

This article proposes a set of ecosystem-based adaptation measures aimed at conserving and restoring the Thalassia testudinum seagrass beds in Playa Santa Lucía, Camagüey, a tourist destination highly vulnerable to climate change. An environmental and socioeconomic diagnosis was conducted through surveys, interviews with key stakeholders, and literature review. The results reveal the progressive degradation of the seagrass beds due to rising temperatures, inappropriate tourism practices, and weak environmental governance. Based on the analysis, specific actions such as ecological zoning, seagrass restoration, and capacity building were proposed. These measures integrate local and scientific knowledge, grounded in sustainability and participatory principles. The research offers a strategic and replicable approach for the effective conservation of marine ecosystems under anthropogenic pressure. It is concluded that EbA can be consolidated as a key instrument for climate adaptation and ecosystem management in Cuban coastal destinations.