Man, Science and Technology

Effects of two biofertilizers on tomato (Solanumly copersicum L) crop yield

2025-06-30T16:53:15-05:00

The research was conducted between January and March 2024 on the farm belonging to producer Yunieski López Rodríguez, from the Guillermo Castro CCS (Central Agricultural Research Council). The objective was to evaluate the response of tomato crops to two biofertilizer variants. The experiment was set up on a loose carbonated sialitic brown soil. The biofertilizers used were commercial strains of Azotobacter chroococcum with a titer of 10x1010 cfu mL-1, and Fosforina (Pseudomonas sp. strain IS-16) with a titer of 7x10⁸ufcmL-1, supplied by the Soil Institute. The biofertilizers were applied by direct spraying to the soil and the leaves of the tomato seedlings used. The results indicate that the use of the Azotobacter chroococcum strain and Fosforina offers several agronomic advantages, enabling improved yields in agricultural practices.

Illegal capture and trade of songbirds and ornamental birds in the municipality of El Salvador, Guantánamo, Cuba

2025-06-30T17:10:03-05:00

The research was conducted in the municipality of El Salvador, Guantánamo province, with the objective of diagnosing the situation of the wild bird trade. Surveys were conducted among 50 individuals engaged in the illegal hunting and trade of wild birds, and a total of sixteen species belonging to four orders and 12 families were identified. Socio -economic and environmental indicators were evaluated, with the majority of respondents attending pre-university level. Seventy-two percent of the species are used as pets, 12% for sale, and 8% for religious activities; selling prices range from 500 to 1,500 pesos in national currency. The most in-demand commercial birds are Myadestes elisabeth, Melopyrrha nigra, and Passerina cyanea. Of the bird species identified, 10 are Permanent Residents, and 3 are Winter Residents. The threat level: 11 species are of Least Concern, and two are in the Vulnerable category.

Potential of species of the flora of the Nipe-Sagua-Baracoa mountain massif, as a source of bioactive substances of economic interest

2025-06-30T17:39:09-05:00

The research was carried out at the Mountain Development Center, with objective of identifying the secondary metabolic groups, qualitative phytochemical screening was carried out in 21 species of flora, in ecosystems to the Nipe-Sagua-Baracoa mountain massif. The species were selected on the basis of an exhaustive bibliographical review, on the botanical families most frequently associated with biological activities of agrobiological and pharmaceutical interest. The collections of plant material were carried out in the morning, in 13 sites corresponding to localities of the El Salvador municipality, Guantánamo province. Qualitative phytochemical screening was carried out, evidencing the presence in all species of triterpenes/steroids and phenols/tannins, appearing as the most frequent groups of metabolites, followed by flavonoids. The results obtained demonstrate the potential of the flora in the natural ecosystems ofthe massif, as a source of substances with biological activity of interest for agriculture and the pharmaceutical industry.

Proposal for rehabilitation of low-altitude rainforest fragments on a metamorphic complex, Alejandro de Humboldt National Park

2025-06-30T17:33:56-05:00

A study was conducted in the Jaguaní River sub-basin in the La Melba conservation department of Alejandro de Humboldt National Park. The objective was to propose restoration of the Low Altitude Rainforest on a Metamorphic Complex. Eleven sampling units were established in the conserved forest and 30 in the poorly conserved forest, measuring 20 x 25 m2 over 30 ha, using simple random sampling. The species richness, composition, structure, diversity, abundance, and ecological importance index were determined. Statistical processing was performed using BioDiversity Pro software. Seventy-four species of woody spermatophyte plants were identified, grouped into 32 families belonging to 63 genera. The families with the highest species richness were: Rubiaceae, Melastomataceae, Sapotaceae, Lauraceae, Arecaceae, and Moraceae. This led to the proposal of restoration actions in the study area.

Proposal for the rehabilitation of the mangrove forest of Caimanera Bay

2025-06-30T18:15:15-05:00

The study was conducted in a mangrove forest belonging to the Caimanera Forestry Base Business Unit (Unidad Empresarial de Base Silvícola Caimanera) with the objective of assessing ecological vulnerability. Twenty-one units of 100 m2 were established, with systematic sampling in plots aligned perpendicular to the coast. The number of species and individuals per species and per stratum was determined. The horizontal and vertical structure was characterized, using the Ecological Importance Value Index and the Simpson index. The results showed that the analysis of floristic diversity facilitated the assessment of forest structure and composition. The use of indicators was feasible for assessing ecological vulnerability in species and their structure. The forest was characterized by a single stratum (lower), with low ecological vulnerability. The least vulnerable species were Avicenia germinans L. and Laguncularia racemosa L.; and the most vulnerable was Rizophora mangle L.

Multimedia “Lichenobiota of the Nipe Sagua Baracoa Massif”

2025-06-30T18:26:52-05:00

The multimedia “Lichenobiota of the Nipe Sagua Baracoa Massif” aims to socialize the importance of lichens and their sustainable use in the management and control of cocoa diseases. The research is aimed at the phytochemical evaluation and antibiotic activity of Cuban lichens from the east of the country; with a view to providing scientific knowledge that supports its local use and its future application in agriculture and medicine. In the development of this product, the participation of researchers and technicians from the institution was decisive, who contributed their work carried out in the field and in the laboratory. Which allowed us to offer an informative product with an attractive design for users.

Stimulatory activity of an oligogalacturonides mixture on coconut ecotypes

2025-06-30T18:39:31-05:00

A research was carried out in the Playa Duaba nursery, municipality of Baracoa, province of Guantánamo, with the objective of evaluating the biostimulatory effect of a mixture of Oligogalacturonides, on 4 coconut ecotypes. Two-month-old coconut seedlings were used, to which the mixture ofoligogalacturonides was applied by foliar spray and to the soil, at three concentrations: 5%, 10% and 20%. One month and two months after application of the product, the length of the postures, the diameter of the stem and the number of leaves were evaluated. The results showed a biostimulatory effect of the product on the growth and development of the postures of the four coconut ecotypes, when using intermediate or low concentrations, and from the second month of its application.

Promotion of Cunícola upbringing at the La Mariana estate at the CCS Gabriel Valiente

2025-06-30T18:54:39-05:00

The work was developed at the La Mariana estate of the Marina Viñae Soublet producer, belonging to the CCS Gabriel Valiente of the Niceto Pérez municipality. With the aim of promoting the development of cunicultural upbringing in the farm. For this, issues related to the management and feeding of the rabbit were given, actions aimed at the use of forage species for the feeding of this species were carried out, folding related to the cultivation of plants such as: the nacedero (Trichantera gigantea), the girasolillo (Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl(Hemsl.) Gray), cane (Saccharum officinarum L), the mulberry (Morus alba) and King Grass (Pennisetum purpureun) in the same way, practical recommendations were provided that farmers must take into account To successfully develop rabbit breeding. Similarly, actions aimed at the type of facilities were provided to develop this upbringing and use of medicinal plants to combat different diseases that may affect rabbit health.

Citrus species associated with the coffee agroecosystem, as a potential source of humic biostimulants

2025-06-30T19:08:52-05:00

Humic fractions were obtained from residues of three citrus species used as shade trees in coffee-growing agroecosystems in the municipality of El Salvador, Guantánamo. The starting material was a mixture of fruit residues composed of albedos and pulp waste material. The materials were ground and subjected to a solid-state fermentation process for 90 days, using a passive aeration technique with periodic turning. Humic substances were extracted from the resulting composts through a sequential extraction process with solutions of sodium hydroxide, sodium pyrophosphate, and sodium fluoride. Carbon and nitrogen contents, the carbon-nitrogen ratio, and the total content of functional groups were determined. The results showed that the fractions obtained have potential for use as biostimulants for plant growth, as evidenced by their functional group content.

Biostimulanteffect of algae (Arthrospira platensis and Durvillaea antarctica) on the development of cornplantsduringthe V3 vegetativestage

2025-06-30T19:23:42-05:00

The objective was to evaluate the biostimulants effect of algae Arthrospira platensis and Durvillaea antarctica on the development of corn during the V3 vegetative stage and a control treatment. For this, seeds of hybrid corn DK-7088 were used, sown in a pot with a capacity of 2 kg of soil, one seed per experimental unit and 10 replicates were considered. The application frequencies of the treatments were carried out on days (0, 4, 8 and 12). Fifteen days after emergence, plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, stem diameter, root length, fresh biomass, dry biomass and dry matter were evaluated. It was concluded that the application of algae-based biostimulants, especially Arthrospira platensis at a dose of 10 mL/plant, significantly improved the growth of DK-7088 hybrid corn plants up to the V3 vegetative stage.

Antifungal effect of hydroethanolic propolis extract on Nigrospora osmanthi

2025-06-30T19:39:43-05:00

The objective was to evaluate the antifungal effect of the hydroethanolic extract of propolis on Nigrospora osmanthi. Bee propolis was used, dehydrated, macerated and the hydroalcoholic extract was made 50/50, a phytochemical screening was performed: The study was experimental evaluating the radial growth of the fungus on Petri dishes with PDA medium poisoned with hydroethanolic extract for 72 hours at doses: T1 (25%); T2 (50%); T3 (75%); T4 (100%); T5 (Control), 10 replicates were used. The data were evaluated under a completely randomized design (DCA), analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Duncan's 5% test, tabulated in Infostat 2020 software. The phytochemical screening was positive for (Triterpenes, steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids, ferric chloride and reducing sugars),the metagenomic study confirmed the Nigrospora osmanthi species and the best treatment was given with the dose of 100% hydroethanolic propolis extract. Propolis showed significant antifungal efficacy against N. osmanthi.

Environment and knowledgemanagement for sustainable local development municipality of Salvador

2025-06-30T20:04:19-05:00

In Cuba, mechanisms have been established to manage knowledge at the local level, based on aspects such as the close relationship between municipalities and their areas of influence, the inclusion of key stakeholders, the mobilization of endogenous resources, the development of action plans, and the promotion of institutional and citizen participation in decision-making. The goal is to design a Diploma Program in Knowledge Management to train local stakeholders in sustainable local development based on science and innovation. This program will develop local development managers with the skills and abilities to promote the deployment of development projects as solutions to specific problems in their territories, using their own resources and based on the interaction on social networks of all possible stakeholders in each locality, with municipal university institutions as one of the key stakeholders.

Sargassum upwelling in the easternmost part of Guantánamo province during the period 2021-2024

2025-06-30T20:16:03-05:00

The presence of Sargassum in the Caribbean has increased recently. In Cuba, arrivals have increased since the first report (2011), primarily from 2015 to the present. Guantánamo has reported massive accumulation since 2021. Project PT211GT002-014, "Monitoring system for the impact of gases resulting from the decomposition of Sargassum algae on the health of the population," provided highly interesting data, which were compiled, recorded, and processed using Excel 2010. The study indicates the months with the highest number of arrivals and their relationship with the prevailing wind regime. The months with the most stranding’s are January and July, in the presence of winds from the first quadrant, frequently from the east (E). The results enhance the population's perception of risk regarding the effects caused by the algae, and also serve as a tool for decision-making and territorial response to climate change.

Good agroecological practices for agricultural pest management in the "Oberto Benítez" cooperative

2025-06-30T20:29:21-05:00

La investigación se realizó en las áreas productivas de la Finca La Esperanza, perteneciente a la CCS “Oberto Benítez, localizada en el municipio Niceto Pérez, provincia de Guantánamo. La investigación contó de dos etapas: Caracterización mediante un diagnóstico de las principales plagas y sus causas que afectan los rendimientos de los cultivos agrícolas en la finca La Esperanza, CCS Oberto Benítez y Elaboración de una propuesta de buenas prácticas fitosanitarias con enfoque agroecológico que permitan disminuir los niveles de incidencia de plagas. Para el procesamiento de los diferentes instrumentos se utilizó el método matemático. La propuesta de buenas prácticas fitosanitarias constituye una herramienta para mejorar los procesos o disciplinas que articulan con la sanidad vegetal en el municipio.

Economic feasibility of the Persian Lime, for the economic and sustainable development of the Guantánamo municipality

2025-06-30T20:47:43-05:00

The study, based on the climatic conditions of Guantánamo Province, aims to promote 10 cab (145 hectares) of citrus fruit, and aims to produce high-quality Persian limes. It acts as a catalyst for sustainable development in Guantánamo Province by integrating economic, environmental, and social solutions, in addition to laying the foundation for resilient agriculture, a more diversified economy, and a rural society with greater opportunities. It contributes to Cuba's national goals of food sovereignty, climate change adaptation, and the creation of decent jobs.